1 10 60 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/62df063b99e181afb56045a7eec1b649.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=kz1a-A5nD%7Ekd90spLVi31NzULUyBrwnsP3S%7EVTwRYgaEFjDFb7ueDDkGl-oXu61lucM2WpQR08vYCx6B0Gaqd-JA5L%7EJ-q2ABBoyO5E-vX2hRQbVIkIdKVkmTE4hGxBoxJayH%7EptV1Xf3iDH4a%7ERQxakq1oC7eHAB8I0h-6ebdtQ4GJUn6X5Jos38i0G7ngQTgLLWNa-6dueBWLsEwtJ5UcXIvqShWpWvcTi0NvKJ3-fsD9O8W67ssS9J3qmMo%7EAqzDN-Bd0wqbwnJE%7EtSej8UZ%7E5p6aYwzlz3SPjULpNB3o6DED%7EvvqqcDERIKn61Llz-w%7ESWqnGP99g7I44vFNXA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM c880aaa7c5dcc745abd491762bace26b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/00bc0845b5ff10f2fc1f6d824c7894b1.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=RmufaPUenuo10JlfxQhKBOFalMMn13NmnMuq5tkHWc0GFtzd9tp42LOzMo5PmTTg90%7EtDP6lBTo-f3BLSTt3tEcVw8g75Jktp92nnk8RWhdQFFLGl1NZ5NFxlr%7E6chMH2R%7E51Wtre16WCDe%7EU7-3MUnV1DSsnWTFi6myVSOqMAWaq23vsZK1H9t0fqmnvraNvmxljsQmDPCZ4bl4uZobrEMFvHICEpoRQlPmzrQYLQEZcsAXbAp8QgzuAmH2H%7EWqR%7ERqstUKxxdIjOxya58TO1w6JzMlvIr4AY%7EEjdvBavFn-6CiZSnXe65v0LKI372MejBhzpoJX2O1MAriB%7E-54A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 9ac4a3fec29a63cbe92cdc90f6df1d37 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 12/28/1863 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Henry A. Sneed Manumitted Richard (alias Dick), William, Harriet, Lucy, Mary, Amanda, Lucy, Sarah, Allen Text of Freedom Document I, Henry A. Sneed of Orange Courthouse being sick and about leaving home, upon travel, with the hope of reinstating my health, tho’ at this time, in perfect mind and memory, deem it expedient that I should make such disposition of my worldly effects as seemeth to me right and proper. Therefore, I make and ordain this to be my last will and testament as follows. 1st My just debts and funeral expenses are to be paid. 2nd I emancipate and set free my servants, or slaves, namely Richard usually called Dick, William, Harriett, Lucy daughter of Grace, Mary and her four children named Amanda, Lucy, Sarah and Allen, as well as all others I may own or be entitled to at the time of my death, and such increase of the females thereof as may be between this time and the time hereafter mentioned when this emancipation is to take effect, which emancipation is to commence and take effect at the expiration of year in which may die; and I charge and require my executors hereinafter named as I desire that my said servants should enjoy the benefits herein designed and intended for them, to remove them at the expense of my estate, either to the State of Ohio or Pennsylvania, or some state or territory within the United States where slavery does not exist by law as they may deem best and most advantageous for the said servants. Upon the removal of the said servants so emancipated, I require and direct my executors to give or pay to the said William, Harriett, Dick, Mary & Lucy daughter of Grace, the sum of one hundred dollars each, and to the said Mary, the sum of fifty dollars for each of her before named children to be by her applied to the benefit of the said children respectively, that is, each child to receive the benefit of fifty dollars. Also my said executors shall give or pay to any of my female servants above named the sum of fifty dollars for each child which may be born to them, respectively, between this time and the time hereinbefore mentioned when the emancipation of the said servants is to take effect. If there be no mother, then the said sum of fifty dollars is to be so applied, as in the discretion of my executors, will best promote the interest of the one for whom it is intended. 3rd I give and devise to my sister Mary L. Sneed the sum of one thousand dollars. 4th I give and devise to my aunt Mary Lewis the sum of three hundred dollars. 5th I give and devise to my brother in law, Alfred Thomson the sum of six hundred dollars. 6th The rest and residue of my estate of what nature or kind the same may be, I direct my executors to convert into money (debts due me excepted) either by public or private sale as they may deem proper, that is debts due me to be collected, and other property to be sold as aforesaid, and the proceeds arising from such collections and sales is to be equally divided between my brother Littleton W. Sneed and my said brother in law Alfred Thomson to whom I give the same, respectively, and to their heirs forever. Lastly I constitute and appoint my brother Littleton W. Sneed and my brother in law Alfred Thomson executors of this my last will and testament and desire the County Court of Orange when they qualify as such shall not require security of them. In testimony whereof I hereto put my name and affix my seal this twenty third day of March eighteen hundred and fifty nine. Acknowledged, published & declared Henry A. Sneed (seal) as & for the last will and testament of the testator in our presence, who at his request & in his presence & in the presence of each other, have subscribed our names as witnesses hereto. Philip S. Fry Philip H. Fry At a monthly court continued and held for the County of Orange, at the courthouse, on Tuesday the 29th day of April 1862. This last will and testament of Henry A. Sneed was this day proved by the oath of Philip H. Fry a witness thereto. Philip S. Fry, the other witness to the said will being dead, James S. Robinson and Philip H. Fry were sworn and severally deposed that they are well acquainted with the handwriting of the said Fry, and verily believe that the signature thereto is wholly in the handwriting of the said Fry. Whereupon the said writing is ordered to be recorded as the last will and testament of Henry A. Sneed, deceased. And on the motion of Alfred Thomson, one of the executors named therein, who made oath thereto according to law, and into and acknowledged a bond which is ordered to be recorded without security (the will directing that none should be required) in the penalty of forty thousand dollars conditioned as the law directs, certificate is granted him for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. At a monthly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the 28th day of December 1863. On the motion of Littleton W. Sneed, one of the executors named in the last will and testament of Henry A. Sneed, dec’d, which was admitted to probate at April Court 1862, who made oath thereto, according to law, and entered into and acknowledged bond which is ordered to be recorded without security (the will directing that none should be required) in the penalty of forty thousand dollars conditioned as the law directs, certificate is granted him for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:452 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 9 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1863 - Sneed to Richard, et al - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/4877723e91d29f8853a19d488db7d46d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=aTO7lDnhzpiOPT940aGZOOjfESedT1kpqTWbMUjF8klemTZ262LrC2QlObZMXOgHwJh3F7FJORzRBV46zdbnzx1BXc%7EFFfx%7E2ua4gySNi2-d6ykKDvCuhXh5MzE9-Q7f54xk8ZP7P7H%7Eq9xrm7Ty3Uira8KmyFDwgpeyb0TX34apBsIDZKO7EHCqXNA7nmAI9%7ErVfnu5K8AsrU0x%7EGu3r%7EXU%7E8zEW7FCIkE3WA6zFR8wu6iiLRZIezsNt3o6oFLn77yp9XeTKw3UlBzpJ3VxY8ZaoSZnhMD15so7797jWR4c8SlaKHnihvqny7C30HdjrHHPemdrg0VSYiktUCjMIw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 065bbcdf0bd44b4da2553f9c819b226e Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 06/22/1863 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Richard Carter Manumitted Richard Text of Freedom Document I Richard Carter being of sound mind do make and ordain this my last will and testament. 1st I do direct my executor hereafter to be named to pay all my just debts. 2nd I do desire my executor if he shall think it either necessary for the advantage of my family or for the division of my estate, to sell the lot of land on which I now reside. 3rd I wish my executor to put to interest the sum of four hundred dollars, the interest on said amount I wish paid yearly to my two children owned of Mr. John M. Chapman of Orange, and in case they are sent from the state or in the event of their death, I wish the amt divided between my other children. 4th I do hereby set free my son Richard, who is now held by me as a slave, and who was bought by me from Mr. Hiden of Orange. 5th I do desire my executor to invest one third of my estate after deducting the four hundred dollars before disposed of, for the benefit of my wife during her natural life, and if he determines to sell the place on which I live, he may purchase a cheap home for her and the children, while at her death I give to my children who are free, with the money invested for her support. 6th I do give the residue of my estate to my son Richard and to the child of my present wife and should a child be born within nine months after my death to be equally divided between the three. 7th I desire my executor to hold the said estate in his hands during the minority of my children, seeing they are properly provided for, during their minority and to pay them their portions as they become of age. I do constitute and appoint Reuben S. Gordon my executor to this my last will. In witness whereof I have set my hand and affixed my seal this [blank] day of February 1863. Signed, sealed and executed Richard Carter (seal) in our presence and in the presence of each other Edw’d Beale G.C. Beale Ja’s A. Beale At a monthly court held for the County of Orange at the court house on Monday the 29th day of April 1863. This last will and testament of Richard Carter, dec’d, was this day proved by the oaths of George C. Beale and James A. Beale, two of the subscribing witnesses thereto, and ordered to be recorded. And at a monthly court held for the said county at the courthouse on Monday the 22nd day of June following, on the motion of Reuben S. Gordon, the executor named in the last will and testament of Richard Carter, dec’d, which was admitted to probate at April court who made oath thereto, according to law, and together with Charles H. Genton and William L. Humphreys (who verified upon oath as to their sufficiency) his securities entered into and acknowledged a bond, which is entered to be recorded in the penalty of four thousand dollars, conditioned as the law directs, certificate is granted him for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:491 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 1 Notes Notes regarding the record Manumitter freeing his son Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1863 - Carter to Richard - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1863 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/e0a7a349963d69244d90b857b6d957cb.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=azUtOSWZd1Va6iVx%7EyRb14VxcWfKh5Igd-snP7upKo3%7EVu0Peje9cFSC1Uq8Bd9fOGnaK-umaW2KSg5DSTcAHo%7Efylf6Xwh3vuolsDJ9%7Ez5YUfcJOxLD6WJx6jfUNsEuSo38Uy3aVLnn%7EzIZ-KxW9Drb0fDCNDdB4Nxi6Zhc4OjhJg6qVYM3i4njUbq%7EBMM-t2ZulGEXw7358hlXRUFFJIEQCCAvr0aosvcPGSfHfQAPrGjiu-5TmkJtrIYK4dXHvZ5nNY9zOdTjEfhVa5hT5w6sO74cEtsrY30iQslNOassw9h4s2Gl1Uo9GfEHDTJc-bvMOx6XkCtkhMZ5cpZ5vg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 99b7c6f9e4f840a86bc0c9fa0aeeaab6 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/2cae386af09a0340ce35ef5d13a52524.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=LdHt%7E3XMV484r%7EIddjEhovDQcIUpRbsbE-XbAZx--50ei3Lme0C2MPZ9Jv71iUvFjhwU%7EXtTD1J304X0jem0GaEWrA7tvkraztf3AuL6Ln5xTXOfuLokCbFFtSQXmo5fW9sbUmeaE-NjvVS1ceoFYzIgI-6lf4wtC7rJT-9B-nRPuQqz3usn62C7HVV1JMJeHnSFX40aO0GT8Ainl03qRKBhHeGCtR-P6MRMJL-YKxABlq3TEuZBg41cpCmIRW-6AdUeCPRYZ%7EWYZZ8ZCQfsNDOI%7EpDX90cmMDEYCAjpXO7iuFQkvnk8w2HD5rkmr41mipWfNO9uNlX9Z5mLZduQMQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 63de3fea0d366e2bd1edbd96b3cffc43 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 09/27/1858 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Richard Chapman Manumitted Thornton, Fanny, Betty, Jimmy, Joe Thompson, Matilda, Philip Text of Freedom Document In the name of God Amen. I Richard M. Chapman of the County of Orange and State of Virginia, being of sound mind and disposing memory do make and ordain this to be my last will and testament hereby revoking all the other wills heretofore made by me. Item 1st I hereby subject all my estate both real and personal to the payment of my debts, and I authorize and empower my executors hereinafter named to sell at private of public sale, all or any part of my real estate, the property at the village, in such parts or portions as they may deem best and on such terms as they may deem best, to sell my plantation on the plant road called The Mountain, and any other real estate I may have in the County of Orange, or anywhere else, the sales to be made on such terms and at such times as my executors may deem best for the interest of my estate. Item 2nd I hereby emancipate and set free the following slaves namely: Thornton, his wife Fanny, and Fanny’s five youngest children, namely: Betty, Jimmy, Joe Thompson, Matilda & Philip & any other child said Fanny may have. And I hereby emancipate and set free Mary Susan, usually called Jady and her children Molly, John, and Paul, and any other child she may have. Item 3rd I give and devise to my woman Fanny, and her family, the sum of five hundred dollars, and to my woman Jady before named & her family, the sum of three hundred dollars, the said sums of five hundred dollars and three hundred dollars to be paid to said Fanny & Jady, respectively, as soon after my death as it may be convenient to do so, and my said executors are required to assist said slaves on removing them to some non-slave holding state by paying their passage thereto. Item 4th After payment of legacies, expenses & debts, my wish is that the proceeds of my property, perishable and land, may be divided into four equal parts, save the village property: one fourth to James Chapmen, one fourth to Susan Read, one fourth to William H. Chapman, and one fourth to Maria Read. Item 5th From the proceeds of the village property, I will and direct that the proceeds may be divided into five parts, and equally divided between my five children, Johnson Chapman among them. Item 6th I direct and hope that my executors will afford to my old slaves Ben and his wife Nancy a good support during their lives out of my estate. Item 7th I emancipate and set free my two boys, John & Lewis, when they respectively attain the age of thirty years, assuming John’s age to be fifteen years and Lewis’ age to be thirteen years. I hope my children will be satisfied with what I done, as I shall leave them a good deal, but if complaint be made on the part of any child, I will and direct that the complaining one shall be deprived of any part or portion of my estate. Item 8th I enjoin and require my executors to pay the legacies to the slaves as soon after my death as they can, and aid them in getting a home, as they may all reside together, being as it were on family. Item 9th I hereby appoint James Chapman and William H. Chapman executors of this my last will and testament, hoping that the Court of Orange will not require them in any manner or form as my executors to give security, leaving full confidence in them. This will being written with my own hand, every word and letter of it. I shall not have it witnessed, my handwriting being too well known to make witnesses necessary. In testimony whereof I have hereto put my hand and seal this 13th day of July 1855. Richd M. Chapman. (seal) I Richard M. Chapman having changed my mind in relation to some of my slaves emancipated in the body of this will, do by this codicil to my will, revoke those clauses emancipating the slaves therein named, and the legacy to Mary Susan, commonly called Jady and her family. And I do by this codicil only emancipate Thornton and his wife Fanny and her five youngest children, namely: Betty, Jimmy, Joe Thompson, Matilda and Philip, and any other child or children which may be hereafter born to the said Fanny. Witness my hand and seal this 4th day of September 1855. Richd M. Chapmen (seal) At a monthly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the 27th of September 1858. These two writings purporting to be the last will and testament of Richard M. Chapman deceased were produced into court by James Chapman, one of the executors therein named, and there being no subscribing witnesses thereto, Lewis B. Williams and Philip S. Fry were sworn and severally deposed that they are well acquainted with the handwriting of the said Richard M. Chapman, and verily believe that the said writings and the name thereto subscribed are wholly in the handwriting of the said deceased. Whereupon the said writings are ordered to be recorded as the true last will and testament of the said Richard M. Chapman. And on the motion of James Chapman, one of the executors therein named, who made oath thereto according to law, and entered into and acknowledged a bond without security (the will directing that none should be required) in the penalty of forty four thousand dollars, conditioned as the law directs. Certificate is granted him for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:325 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 7 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1858 - Chapman to Thornton, et al - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1858 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/044f6a15e457609a9593bd8e7b6d0720.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=JggCHMbo34NjrUGCbZ0s6GOXcFMF8XkAz5SgHU06NfU1o7yRkGUqhrwvdBbIWQoa%7EmEu88Uxi7wCryDg7WfkAEBtcIOpgjiiaWM0yPHH6okBe-lmGG1JlIsCgjmmLuW3AK6chPUY3Es6OnR%7E0vic5YI20IA9LNCBHzocG%7ExggqmK6UhU30meebbcmLKDn3g7P4k40UIGX3SAnkofahBUdnYJ4DlGaHZFTmUu-JgKUgt9BXPJukDMwCdKARTsex8cuTOynvXqUiQqH2ALdW3HxW5KfLhgs5nwUCG-m81lcU7c7XQknH%7Eny-1nnOdNTXoXfDN7oqCoyRXa0Ty-irlSpA__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 6f7797e91f205dacdf2c3a755656ca76 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/ac73e1a9cc5c3ffaac06bea478bcae20.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=NI5lSZaiVn0TOExLaTMdGpkv2uMj%7E4lmZpdlkZSMBa0%7Eg2qu2EUjbtq58fg092gnrsWm7CejTsmJxtPAbEUHWexICfku5TRkrJaUXK8E7wgCxwXtzz8Tv6oEjk%7EhgwWlUx2fOxWaEIkGR5-cWEn6DorOqcplPTXulD1MI6AAU88gXxdlvCzXd0R8ObotSIOTdaHOgSpyP9o5PagEwlIJ2uCVHJpw8-LjtQkOcQvm59G58z80M4GxOSwkcSkFXoAMPi40EwAxuOmx3ngItbYaKARMMQGdQdTaISZ-t1QhtJZm3w%7E2zF-9Dbd3B-t4pgnd-h17PCkf%7EwUegEey-9bU6Q__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 14c0f04cb7a162903259744d8717fb23 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/59d7a3d70ff4f5aae5e313682ea9b19f.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=WcVMPlV8e28R400gPLvJ6MrbCyEFwhNz%7EOij5OUT5phltG-C2GxUte050ubn3EeE9oE2MspWK7ojXU2gf%7EukB3egPY4bxs0FiorcwoZWbXeKkBRqKWGqjLP5f5Z8gDQiiok7-2CNQdhEVpNRgR2rUlIVgMp7JMl%7EfZH7WZdMitF0siU25tXjgCwvcODE0BIYTMsPWFtOUj2W5AkWcIaNmnPM9JF-sJxx17FhS%7EYBAhjwE8mkWqS-KMx5P1IR%7ET3PTi%7EIQ-XP8JgqHcoGCulyB5w7VKIR-OicOLLxhmshvigjYYDmzdPIks170DtAkIDv40Q64kqb%7ENWeX3G-HnZt2g__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM ffed449dbd41b5832e5a4ea17d3bd307 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/fa6f9ea487668e60dc55190499e3bfb0.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=A9m9hTvIg7Is1HDIs4%7Evqm6kg6DPIA3iviZtysgal9c2H0XLGGt1jJCiACDMqH-CTayF2JNmzbG4nGcTSSXvMngmxvJabUm9yZvUQySSIy7%7EGxLUWRqbjyeQtIsbo%7E2ZIvX5w9HHI%7EqgdVNiI7Yxqn3deAYF%7ENbFUCJojJcfzOAKiPGPamx6slcFERx8WdlsrAvstZbWp620Q5yqzDDAonBxiKn5xW8Um4FpzY8JCl%7Eu7l1C9wCE%7ElJvnBu7ShJdnpwZdPciHH0QJbZ1LaQ1Snc%7Ecey3l6PiNom3OtMZlvVd0ifojJhy7HrAwBygEaTBuLeVvyQsVPLwT5oz%7E4BrCg__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 07e2057d45afbf8b2a1911a4bbeaef4b https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/b058ff8507698f8b5226b03c0da0ddb8.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=JylNT%7EEdt3d-kYi81olrK7CozH0ztIgOYkgh%7EuGSvFBCNTLqOG39bJOe-rljM77pXXf-3DWwy3rkjouFW5%7EauYsPzcazZt3T4veNqN-tKQRqjcpNwfnzoBMr5wI5gUWeZQKVVWgeom%7EW6IQH%7E10DHBKzdN51rdmjC4XRA5gNh71BmughgVKQZOr9eaIUeiVAn18DDYKx4HA6OagE4rijQn9RBkn3ZjZlgyA-7vwlSJ%7EPDNLyfBkXVgvNudXXJORwZFEv4MbIRrptSMBIA4EZHW33SSw96LGpQZhTFfVXSa9zKbq7aX1gQS1FzZBN35ELrqJvCOS6L8-hmbDToQZyhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 787de6bd534768382fcc91982bd21a04 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/5af6985a15fa575be15cb71217ef1217.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=rriAEiNGNejHjUdCW0pJJWVCA7LedaHCBvsJ4NzcV9ox1w6CIgKPqb-q54bdt1N8vNuHj-2jO8TugQKXkyqBtAYhaR9glGXd1XRcxxfQFzJlia96jp7joP5vL3GVRR6L5q9dtO0Hm9KtGyVaf6h%7ET639UM6TBIMIqPbsCk5%7Esb-6aPO1GJp-SJ5C3B0DwMzccrAfmzJRIlR2-aZCykVR29mNGBlLVMnAIQPC7ADjyXKmaqRg5ozkLfZQqxFMthpJzSe67vYRgHQ7fO1Yx%7EuW1k8PltfQLCMSysRXQTEI7J2Sz8kzO5pFoLvUHMc1Tp7bUgqjvCvQGLO9qAndPVdxBQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 31d65ca26e87c02cd3c3b6f42b014318 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 09/28/1857 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter William Smith Manumitted Madison, Lucy, Jefferson, Abraham, Martha, Aleck, Robert, Francis, Clayton William, Henry, Anthony, Joe, Jim, Becky Text of Freedom Document In the name of God Amen. I William Smith of the County of Orange and State of Virginia being of sound and disposing mind and memory, but calling to mind the uncertainty of human life, do make this my last will and testament as follows viz. Imprimis. I give and devise to Ella an infant child of Martha Connorly deceased who is called Ella Newman (a grandchild of Lucinda who has been for some time staying at my house) a part of the land I purchased of the late Thomas Macon & Sarah his wife, contained within the following boundaries viz: beginning two links of a black walnut & locust a corner of the late Ambrose Madison & myself on a hill in a former line of Wm. H. Watters & Jane his wife, running thence S 18˚ W125 poles to the middle of the swift run road at estate formerly a thorn bush standing on the north side of said road in a former line of Richard M. Chapman and myself thence up the meanders of said road until it intersects with two run thence with the line of Doctor Robert Thomas to a cherry tree in the line between the said Thomas & Madison, thence with the line of the said Madison to the beginning, containing by estimation seventy four acres. I also give and devise to the said Ella all the land I purchased of Richard M. Chapman containing by survey seventeen acres, three roads & seven poles, and the land I purchased of William H. Watters & Jane his wife containing two acres, one road & thirteen poles, as will more fully appear by the deeds of the said Chapman & Watters & wife, recorded in the clerk’s office of Orange County Court, the said land amounting to about ninety six acres being three parcels. I give and devise to the said Ella & her heirs, but if she shall die without leaving a child or children living at the time of her death, then & in that event, I give and devise the said land to be equally divided between her grandmother & her four aunts Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah & Emily Connorly or such of them as shall be living at the time of her death, and the descendants of such of them as may be dead, taking which their deceased parent would have taken if living at the time of her death. 2ndly I give and devise to my executors hereinafter named the sum of eight hundred dollars to be by them invested in state bonds, and the interest thereon to be loaned out from time to time and invested in like manner until the said Ella shall arrive at the age of eighteen years, when I give the said state bonds with all accumulation of interest thereon whether invested or not to the said Ella. 3rdly I give and devise to Mary Connerly daughter of the said Lucinda Connerly the tract of land I purchased of the legatees of Elizabeth Winslow deceased conveyed to me by deed bearing date on the 24th day of February 1845 recorded in the Clerk’s Office of Orange County Court, containing by survey fifty three acres, three roads, & twenty six poles lying in the county Orange in the forks of the Cave’s pond & the Great Mountain roads to her and her heirs forever. 4thly I give and devise to the said Lucinda Connerly, sometimes called Lucy Connerly, and three of her children Elizabeth Connerly, Sarah & Emily Connerly, the two last of whom are twin sisters, a certain tract or parcel of land lying & being in the said county of Orange & bounded as follows viz: beginning at a sugar nut tree on the southside of the Rapid Ann River corner between Ann Newman & myself & running thence unto the meanders of said river S42 W22 poles, S19 ½ W28 poles, S23 W16 poles, S28 W6 poles 8C, S37 ¼ W30 p 2, S52 ½ W14 to a dagwood and large poplar on the S bank of said river, thence S24 E190 poles to a broken top oak on the Nside of the Great Mountain Road, thence down said road N77 1/3 E10 poles, S72 ½ E49 poles, S86 ½ E22 pcl, S84 ¾ E35 poles, S77 ¼ E17 poles, S 65 1/3 E U P, S 79 1/3, E IIP SL to two small persimmons and two small pines on the Nside of said road in the old Winslow tract line, thence with said line N34 ½ E87 poles to a small twin red oak in said line corner to Ann A. Newman thence ot the beginning embracing six several tracts or parcels of land purchased by me of Newman S. Newman by deeds bearing date on the 1st March 1841, 25th February 143, 7 November 1844, 11th February 1845 29th Sept 1850 & the 13th March 1857, as will more fully appear by [illegible] to said deeds, and containing by estimation & surveys 279 acres, 1 road & 35 poles. To have and to hold the said land as joint and common property for the joint and common maintenance and support of the said Lucinda Connerly and her said three children Elizabeth, Sarah & Emily Connerly until the twin daughters Sarah and Emily, who were born on the 8th day of October 1846, shall attain the age of eighteen years, after which time at the instance of any one or more of them, the land is to be divided either by persons selected by themselves or commissioners to be appointed by the County Court of Orange county into four parcels of equal value & one parcel given and allotted to each of the females named in this clause of my will with the understanding that the mother Lucinda is to have choice of the lots after the land is divided. The land devised in this clause of my will is given to the said Lucinda and her said three daughters for the life of each of them, and the lots are to descend to their children respectively, but in the even of their dying without or children living at their death, then and in that event, the lots of such as may die without child or children living at their death is to be divided equally between them & Mary Connerly, and in no event is Ella daughter of Martha Connerly deceased who is herein before provided for in part to have any part of the land. 5thly I give and bequeath to my nephew D. Robert Thomas and my friend Doctor George S. Newman, my slaves Mercer, Reuben & Susan and the future increase of the said Susan to them and the survivor of them, his executors, & admors in trust to hire out the said slaves and turn over the bonds for their hire to the said Lucinda Connerly for her use and benefit, consulting as far as practicable the wishes of the said Lucinda in hiring out the said slaves, and if it is necessary to sell all or any of the said slaves or the said increase, I hereby authorize & empower them the said Thomas & Newman or either of them to do so, consulting at the same time the wishes of the said Lucinda and when sold to pay over the proceeds arising from said sale to the said Lucinda, and I further hereby authorize and empower the said Thomas & Newman if they think proper, paying due regard to the wishes of the said Lucinda Connerly to emancipate and set free all or any of the said slaves, and I hereby give to the said Lucinda Connerly the sum of fifteen hundred dollars to be paid to her out of my estate, two good horses (the horses to be the best), four milk cows and calves, seventy barrels of corn, 10,000 lbs of hay or blade fodder, two thousand pounds of bacon or three thousand pounds of pork as she may prefer, all the lard and butter on hand at my death, one yolk of work oxen & one ox cart, three sows and their pigs, and twelve shoots, twelve ewe sheep, my carriage, two ploughs and gear for them, four barrels of flour, all my dung-hill fowls, and all my household and kitchen furniture including the silverware, the whole of the said stock, farming utensils, provisions, fodder or hay, household and kitchen furniture to be delivered to her at any place she may designate within five miles of my house as soon as the same can be done without injury to my crops, and without any cash or expense to her. 6thly I give and bequeath to the said Robert Thomas and George S. Newman, the survivor of them, his exors & admors my slaves Madison & Lucy, children of Betty and my slave Jefferson and the future increase of the said Lucy, from the date of this my last will in trust to hire out said slaves and urn over the bonds for their hire to the said Lucinda Connerly for the benefit & maintenance of the said Mary Connerly, her daughter, until she attains the age of eighteen years, after which time the bonds for their hire are to be turned over to the said Mary for her own use and benefit and should it be necessary in the opinion of the said Thomas and Newman or either of them, the survivor of them, his exors, or admors to sell all or any of said slaves, always consulting the wishes of the said Mary. I hereby authorize them or either of them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors to sell all or any of said slaves and to invest the proceeds of said sale for the benefit of the said Mary, paying the interest arising therefrom to the said Lucinda for the support & maintenance of the said Mary until she attains the said age of eighteen years, after which time they are to pay the interest thereon to the said Mary or surrender to her the principal for her separate use and benefit, and I hereby authorize and empower the said trustees, the survivor of them, his exors or admors, to emancipate & set free the said slaves, Madison, Lucy & Jefferson, and the increase of the said Lucy or any of them, if consistent with the wishes of the said Mary, and to make any other prudent disposition of them or any of them at the instance of the said Mary expressed in writing under her hand and seal. I give to the said Mary Connerly the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid to her out of my estate, the said thousand dollars to be paid to her mother, and the interest to be applied to her support and maintenance until she attains the age of eighteen years, when the principal is to be paid to her. 7thly I give and bequeath to the said Robert Thomas and George S. Newman, the survivor of them his exors or admors my slaves Abraham, son of Betty, Martha and Aleck in trust to hire out said slaves & the increase of said Martha, and pay over the hires arising therefrom to the said Lucinda Connerly for her support & maintenance of her daughter Elizabeth Connerly until the said Elizabeth attains the age of eighteen years from which time the hires are to be paid to the said Elizabeth, and should the said Thomas & Newman or the survivor of them, his exors or admors on account of the behavior of all or any of them or for any other good cause they see prudent, to all them or any of them, and the increase of the said Martha. I hereby authorize & empower them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors to sell all or any of said slaves including the future increase of the said Martha, and apply the interest arising from the proceeds of said sale to the support & maintenance of the said Elizabeth by paying it to the said Lucinda for that purpose until she attains the said age, after which they are to pay the principal or interest to the said Elizabeth as in their opinion may be best. I hereby give and bequeath to the said Elizabeth Connerly the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate, to be paid to Lucinda Connerly the annual interest to be applied to the support & maintenance of the said Elizabeth until she attains the age of eighteen years at which time she the said Elizabeth is to have the principal. And I hereby authorize & empower the said Thomas and Newman the survivor of them, his exors or admors to emancipate and set free the said slaves Abraham, Martha & Aleck and the future increase of said Martha or any of them, or to make any other disposition of them in accordance with the wishes of said Elizabeth Connerly expressed in writing under her hand and seal. 8thly I give and bequeath to the said Robert Thomas and George S. Newman, the survivor of them, his exors or admors, my slaves [illegible], Robert and Francis, and the future increase of the said Francis in trust to hire out said salves and pay over to the hires to the said Lucinda Connerly for the support & maintenance of her twin daughters Emily Connerly until the said Emily attains the age of eighteen years from which time the hires are to be paid to the said Emily for her sole use and benefit. If on account of the behavior of said slaves or any of them or per any other good cause in the opinion of the said trustees, the survivor of them, his exors, or admors after consulting the wishes of the said Emily, it shall be prudent to sell all or any of the said slaves, I hereby authorize and empower them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors, to make such sale, invest the proceeds arising therefrom and pay over the interest to the said Lucinda Connerly for the support & maintenance of the said Emily until she attains the age of eighteen years, after which time the interest is to be paid over to the said Emily for her sole use and comfort or the principal as may be judged best by the said trustees. And if in the opinion of the said trustees, the survivor of them, his exors or admors, with the approval of the said Emily signified in writing under her hand and seal it is prudent to emancipate and set free the said slaves or any of them, I hereby authorize and empower them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors to emancipate and set free the said slaves or any of them. I hereby authorize and empower them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors to emancipate and set free the said slaves or any of them, or to make any other prudent disposition of them. I give and bequeath to the said Emily Connerly & her heirs the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate to her mother Lucinda Connerly the interest of which is to be applied to her maintenance and support until she attains the age of eighteen years when she is to have the principal sum. 9thly I give and bequeath to the said Robert Thomas and George S. Newman the survivor of them, his exors or admors, my slaves Clayton William, Henry & Anthony, in trust to hire out the said slaves and pay over the hires to the said Lucinda Connerly for the support & maintenance of her other twin daughter Sarah Connerly until she attains the age of eighteen years after which time the heirs are to be paid over to her for her separate use and benefit. If because of the behavior of the said slaves or any of them or for any other good cause, the said trustees, the survivor of them, his exors or admors (consulting always the wishes of the said Sarah) shall deem it best to sell the said slaves or any of them, I hereby authorize and empower them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors to do so, and invest the proceeds of said sale and apply the interest arising therefrom in the same manner they are directed to apply their hires until she attains the age of eighteen years, after which they can pay the interest or principal to the said Sarah as they may think best. And I hereby authorize and empower the said trustees or either of them, the survivor of them, his exors or admors to emancipate & set free (always consulting the wishes of the said Sarah upon the subject) all or any of the said slaves or to make any other disposition of them at the request of the said Sarah expressed in writing under her hand and seal, provided it is judicious and prudent to do so, and I give and bequeath to the said Sarah Connerly the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate to her mother Lucinda Connerly, the interest to be applied to the support and maintenance of the said Sarah until she attains the age of eighteen years when she is to receive the principal. 10thly I give and bequeath to the said Robert Thomas & George S. Newman the survivor of them, his exors or admors my slaves joe, Jim & Becky, in trust to hire out the said slaves and pay over the hires to the said Lucinda Connerly for the benefit & maintenance of her granddaughter Ella, until she attains the age of eighteen years, after which time the hires are to be paid over to her for her sole use and benefit. If because of the behavior of the said slaves or for any other good cause the said trustees, the survivor of them, his exors or admors consulting always the wishes of the said Ella, shall deem it best to sell the said slaves, I hereby authorize and empower them the survivor of them, his exors or admors to sell the said slaves, or any of them, and invest the proceeds of said sale and apply the interest arising therefrom in the same manner, they are directed to apply the hires, until she attains the age of eighteen years, after which time they can apply the interest by paying it over to the said Ella or they may, if they think best, pay over the principal to her, and I hereby authorize and empower the said trustees, the survivor of them, his exors or admors, consulting the wishes of the said Ella to emancipate and set free the said slaves or any of them, or make any other disposition of them by the consent of the said Ella expressed in writing under her hand and seal provided it is prudent and judicious to do so. And I hereby give and bequeath to the said Ella, sometimes called Ella Newman, the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate to her grandmother Lucinda Connerly, the interest to be applied to her support & maintenance until she attains the age of eighteen years when she is to receive the principal. 11thly I give and devise to my grand-nephew George A. Smith the tract of land in the County of Madison bought by me which belonged to the estate of the late Miles Marquis, my slaves old Joe, Henrietta, Hannah & her child not named, and the future increase of the females from the date of this my last will and testament, and the sum of five thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate which I give to him & his heirs. 12thly I give and bequeath to Mary Somerville Smith daughter of the said George A. Smith my slave Georgianna and her child Lucy, and their future increase, from the date of this my will to Milly Smith daughter of the said George A., my slave Sally and all of her increase from the date of this my will, to Margaret Atwell Smith, daughter of the said George A. my slave Julia and her increase from the date of my will, and to William Smith son of the said George A. my slave Molly from the date of this my will. 13thly I give and bequeath to my nephew Doctor Robert Thomas my slaves Tom, Betsy, William & Rachel and the increase of the females from the date of my will, and two thousand five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate to him and his heirs, the said money to be in full discharge and payment of all claims he may have against me, then I give the said slaves and their increase and the said sum of two thousand five hundred dollars to the children of the said Thomas to be equally divided between them. 14thly I give and bequeath to Sarah Thomas, daughter of the said Robert Thomas, my slave Silvey & her increase from the date of my will. 15thly I give and bequeath to my nephew William Thomas my slaves Moses & [?Pett?] and one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate; to my nephew James Thomas, my slaves Harrison & Cuff & one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate; to my nephew Albert Thomas my slave William Sen’r and five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate; to my nephew Owen Thomas my slave Captain and one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate; to my grand niece Catharine, daughter of my nephew the late Reuben Thomas, my slaves Eliza & Becky and their increase from the date of my will and one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate; and to Joseph Thomas son of my nephew Owen Thomas, I give five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate. 16thly I give and bequeath to my niece Mary Hume, my slaves Mary Jane (whom she has in possession), George, Isabella, Dick, Fanny and her child Virginia, John & Oscar and the increase of the females from the date of my will, and the sum of one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate; to Susan M. Hume her daughter, my slave Charlotte (whom she now has in possession) and her future increase from the date of my will; to Maria L. Hume daughter of the said Mary my slave Epatha (whom she now has in possession) and her future increase from the date of my will; to Helen A. Hume daughter of the said Mary, Betsy a slave (daughter of Fanny) & her future increase from the date of my will; and to [?Mertis?] Hume, daughter of said Mary Hume, my slave Maria I purchased for her (whom she now has in possession) and her increase from the date of my will which said slaves & their increase & money I give to them and their heirs respectively. 17thly I give and bequeath to my niece Maria [?Steahlin?] and her heirs my slaves Mirna & her children, my slaves Lewis, Conwiella and her infant child Louisa & John (all of whom except Lewis she now has in possession), and the increase of the females from the date of my will, and one thousand dollars to be paid her out of my estate. 18thly I give and bequeath to my niece Sarah Buckles, (wife of Jonathan C. Buckles) and her heirs one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate; to my grand niece Virginia Albert oldest daughter of said Jonathan C. Buckles my slaves Mary, Jane & Sindy & Dolly child of said Mary and their increase from the date of my will for & during her natural life, and after her death to be equally divided amongst her children, but if she should die without child or children living at her death, then I give and bequeath the said slaves and their said increase to her sister Josephine (youngest daughter of the said Jonathan C. Buckles) and her heirs, and I give & bequeath to the said Josephine and her heirs my slave Patsy and her increase from the date of this my will. 19thly I give and bequeath to my niece Ann Meriweather & her heirs my slave Hernsey and five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate. 20thly I give and bequeath to my grand nephew John W. Ross and his heirs my slave Segrand Sen’r & five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate & to Louisa his sister five hundred dollars. 21stly I give and bequeath to the child or children of my late niece Polly Harvey one thousand dollars to be paid out of my estate to the child if there be only one, if more to be equally divided between them. 22ndly I give and bequeath to my niece Epatha (daughter of my late brother Stephen and sister of Sarah Buckles and Ann Meriweather) and her heirs, if she is living at the time of my death five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate, but if she is dead at that time, I then give the said sum of five hundred dollars to be equally divided among her children, if any. 23rdly I give and bequeath to my niece Virginia Payne, if she is living at the time of my death, five hundred dollars to be paid out of my estate. But if she should be dead at that time, I then give the said five hundred dollars to Doctor Owen with whom she lived. 24thly I give and bequeath to my executors hereinafter named five hundred dollars which I desire that they should distribute equally among twenty five of my oldest servants whose ages are to be ascertained by them for that purpose from the best information they can get. 25thly I give and bequeath to my niece Murial Donald if she is living at the time of my death, five hundred dollars, but if she should be dead at that time I then give the said five hundred dollars to her youngest child to be paid out of my estate. 26thly It is my will and desire that all the moneyed legacies herein before given shall be chargeable upon the debts due me at the time of my death, the perishable property and real directed hereinafter to be sold, and the crops growing and severed from my lands, and that if any of the said legacies shall lapse, that then they shall become a part of the residuum of my estate and be disposed of as the residuum of my estate and go to the same persons, and in the same proportions as the residuum is herein directed to pass and go to. 27thly It is my will and desire that my house servant Maria, my man Paul and my woman Celia be allowed to choose their masters or mistresses or either, and when they have made such selection I hereby give & bequeath them to such person or persons as they may respectively select, provided the person or persons so selected by them will take them as their property. But if they cannot be thus disposed of, then my executors are to select suitable places for them where they will be well clothed and taken care of upon the most reasonable & best terms they can, paying out of my estate such sums of money as may be necessary for this purpose. 28thly It is my will and desire that none of the moneyed legacies herein before given shall be considered due and payable unto two years after the sale of my real estate hereinafter directed with the exception of the amount given to my executors with the request to distribute it among my old servants which I wish them to have before they are surrendered to the persons to whom they are hereby given, and it is my will and desire that my exors shall retain all the slaves until the crops are made and secured the years in which I may die. 29thly It is my will and desire that all the rest & residue of my real and personal estate (except the debts due me which are to be collected by my executors hereinafter named) be sold by my said executors, the perishable property upon the usual credits, and the land upon the following terms viz: one third of the purchase money to be paid in cash, and the balance in two equal annual payments, the purchaser or purchasers giving bonds with approved security for the deferred payments, with deeds of trust upon the lands to secure the payments thereof, the lands to be sold in three or more parcels in the discretion of my executors, one parcel including the dwelling house to contain from eight hundred to one thousand acres, the lines and boundaries of which are to be determined upon and prescribed by my said executors in their discretion reserving therein one quarter of an acre embracing my family graveyard, with a right of ingress and egress to and from it at all times, which is not to be sold but to remain in the Smith family for their use as such. 30thly After the payment of all the foregoing legacies, my funeral expenses, costs of administration, and any debts that may be due by my estate, I give all the money which may be on hand at the time of my death, the balance from debts due me, and from the sales of my real & personal estate herein directed to be sold, it being the residuary fund to be equally divided between my nephews & nieces Robert Thomas, Mary Hume, Muriel Steahlin, William Thomas, my grand nephew George A. Smith, and Lucinda Connerly all of whom are herein before named, each of one of them to take one sixth part thereof. And it is my will and desire that if either or any of the above named residuary legatees in this clause of my will should die before me, that the heirs of such deceased residuary legatee or legatees, shall take the share or shares to which such deceased legatee or legatees would be entitled under this my last will & testament if he, she or they were living at the time of my death. Lastly, I hereby nominate, constitute and appoint my nephew Doctor Robert Thomas and my friend Doctor George S. Newman executors of this my last will and testament (which is written on four sheets of paper- each of which is signed by me) with the request that they will act, and it is my will and desire having great confidence in them that the court in which this my last will and testament is admitted to probate will allow them to qualify as my executors without giving any security as such, and should either of the said executors above named die before me, or refuse to act as such, or refuse any of the trusts confided to them, then I hereby appoint my friend Robert A. Brooking as a trustee & nominate and appoint him as executor in the place and stead of such one of them, as may die before me, decline or refuse to act as trustees or executor, and having the same confidence in the said Robert A. Brooking it is my will and desire that the said court will permit him to qualify as executor without giving security as such is provided, the said Robert Thomas or George S. Newman or either of them shall die before me, refuse or decline to act as executors of this my last will and testament. And it is my will and desire that my executors who may act shall employ Alexander Bradford or some other good clerk as they may prefer, to keep the books, accounts and papers of my estate until the whole is settled up and disposed of, paying the said Bradford or any other clerk out of my estate one hundred and fifty dollars for his services, and that my executors shall meet at some convenient place at least once in every three months to see if the books, papers, and accounts are property kept. And it is my will and desire that my executors pay off the moneyed legacies herein given as fast as money for that purpose may come into their hands, giving the preference in the payment as to priority of time to such as are most in need of this money. And I hereby revoke all other & former wills heretofore made by me desiring that this my last will and testament on four sheets of paper shall be taken and received as such to the exclusion of all others heretofore made by me. In testimony whereof I have hereunto placed my hand and seal this 12th day of August 1857. Signed, sealed, published and William Smith (seal) acknowledged as and for his last will & testament by William Smith who signed it in our presence, and we witnessed it in the presence of the testator and of each other. E. Goss A.P. Routt Lewis B. Williams At a monthly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the 28th of September 1857, this last will & testament of William Smith was proved in open court by the oaths of E. Goss, A.P. Routt, and Lewis B. Williams the witnesses thereto, and ordered to be recorded. And on the motion of Robert Thomas and George S. Newman, the executors therein named, who made oath thereto according to law, and severally entered into and acknowledged a bond which is ordered to be recorded without security (the will directing that none should be required) in the penalty of two hundred thousand dollars, conditioned as the law directs- certificate is granted them for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:267 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted ? Notes Notes regarding the record due to late date and multiple contingencies mentioned in will, further research needed to ascertain if any of these individuals were manumitted Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1857 - Smith to Madison, et al - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1857 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/8cc1719c83b65a353697567f0aca17cf.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=be%7EWqboaqk6bgzfchUT-n-uXTrrcejnYF4D7MwuJuGDzxRHi88OBrmNI8an0X8CD30f-OcC63IUF0NizBkcuyVROxz7srCniDec-9Ll%7Em8FQJyaCN5KjKpuix1pae321Pf01gatNj4qmx%7EL2cu9wztSqMfdOprpvcSyGDH9YB2GQbqstfcghfrUcycMUTtlFRxDhy5G-Y7%7EiOpW9DT6n%7EM9o3-5uDBTKGJoosM4rgEfND1Wb-elu9HJqkxDMB245eaE2mv3gkKnkwKDw3du9-q08WApZdRolArpzC5uHQxv1N1OoYCNyq5DGfgrQiD84ozI1puq%7E7NiRyMZg%7E3Av0w__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b26422855b83a065ba768b8c05e64e00 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 05/12/1857 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter John Bumgarner Manumitted John Hall, Monroe, Jane, Reuben Johnson, Benjamin Johnson, Lucy Johnson, George Johnson, James Johnson Text of Freedom Document Know all men by these presents that I John H. Bumgarner of the County of Highland in the State of Ohio, and now in the County of Orange and State of Virginia, have liberated, emancipated, and set free, and by these presents doth liberate, emancipate and set free my slaves John Hall aged twenty five years, Monroe aged twenty eight years, Jane aged twenty two years, Reuben Johnson aged twenty one years, Benjamin Johnson aged sixteen years, Lucy Johnson aged fourteen years, George Johnson aged twelve years, and James Johnson aged six years. The said John, Monroe & Jane being brothers and sister, and Reuben, Benjamin, Lucy, George and James being brothers and sisters, all of whom were slaves the property of my late father George Bumgarner to whom I was the only child and sole heir and distribute, the said slaves having lived & been held in slavery in the State of Virginia. In testimony whereof I have hereunto placed my hand and seal this twelfth day of May in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty seven. Signed, sealed, delivered John H. Bumgarner (seal) & acknowledged in presence of… Office of the Clerk of the County Court of Orange May 12th 1857 This deed of emancipation was this day acknowledged before me in the office aforesaid by John H. Bumgarner, a party thereto, and admitted to record. Teste Document Type Deed Record Location DB 44:307 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 11/10/1856 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Nancy Newman Manumitted Patsy, Jenny? (or Jimmy?), Nancy Text of Freedom Document Know all men by these presents that I Nancy Newman late Nancy Hackney of the County of Orange and State of Virginia by virtue of the power and authority vested in me by a certain writing in the county court of said county bearing date 8th day of July 1844 between Reuben Newman of the first part, myself of the second part, and Arthur Stephens of the third part do manumit and set free a negro woman slave named Patsy aged about 33 years and her two youngest children named [?Jenny or Jimmy?] and Nancy and I hereby declare them the said Patsy and her said two children to be entirely liberated from slavery and entitled to all the rights & privileges of a free person with which it is in my power to vest them. In testimony whereof I hereto put my hand and seal this 10th day of November 1856. Acknowledged Nancy Newman (seal) in presence of A.N. Stephens Wesley Stephens Office of the Clerk of the County Court of Orange Nov 10th 1856 This deed of emancipation was this day proved in the office aforesaid by the oaths of A.N. Stephens and Wesley Stephens the witnesses thereto and admitted to record. Teste Document Type Deed Record Location DB 44:209 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 3 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. 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For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 03/24/1856 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Charles Howard Manumitted "all slaves", Phillis, Henrietta Text of Freedom Document I Charles P. Howard of the County of Orange do hereby make my last will and testament in manner and form following, that is to say- 1 I direct that all my just debts be paid by my executors as soon after my death as it shall be practicable. 2 It is my will and desire that my executors procure suitable slabs of marble, and cause them to be placed at the head and foot of the grave of my dear wife in the family burying ground of the Taylor’s at Mr. Thomas Scott’s with her name, and the times of her birth and death engraved thereon, and that which shall please God to call me hence, they cause my remains to be laid by the side of hers, and slabs to be placed at the head and foot of my grave of the like material and with the like inscription thereon applicable to myself. 3 I hereby manumit and set free all the slaves and servants I may die possessed of, or entitled to, and all the future descendants of the females, their emancipation to take effect and be fully accomplished at (and not before) the end of the year of our Lord in which I may die, or such subsequent period as is hereinafter indicated. And feeling an anxious concern for their welfare and an earnest desire to put them in situations wherein they may be comfortable, and enjoy the benefits intended them, I hereby appropriate out of the residue of my estate the sum of five thousand dollars to be expended, distributed and paid by my executors as follows. All my slaves and servants, and their descendants so set free (and whom for brevity sake I shall herein after call my freedmen) are (except as shall be presently mentioned) to be removed in a body to some one of the states of territories of the United States in which slavery by law shall not at that time exist. Such state or territory to be selected by my executors who may act, or a majority of them, and the removal thither of my freedmen to be conducted by William C. Moore Sen of the County of Orange, if his services without employment can be obtained by the rest of my executors who may act at a rate of compensation deemed reasonable by them or a majority of them, otherwise it shall be conducted by such other person as my said executors or a majority of them may employ for the purpose, and the compensation of the said William C. Moore, if he shall act, or of such other person as may act herein to be paid out of my estate both for conducting the said immigration and also for performing the other services in behalf of my said freedmen which are hereinafter mentioned, but all the other expenses of the said immigration are to be defrayed out of the sum of five thousand dollars, that sum and the contingent addition to it hereinafter mentioned shall be divided equally among all my said freedom, male and female, old and young, living at the time when their emancipation shall become complete as aforesaid, and the respective shares thereof shall be disposed of as follows; Those of my said freedmen who desire not to remove in manner aforesaid may choose for themselves, if in the judgment of my executors who may act, or a majority of them, they shall be of an age and discretion fit to judge on that subject for themselves, and to such shall be paid their respective shares of the sum directed to be divided as aforesaid, moreover, of those so declining to immigrate with the reset of any shall have descendants not of an age and discretion fit to judge on that subject for themselves in the opinion of my said executors, or a majority of them, in that case the ancestor or ancestors so declining to immigrate may choose for the descendants or any of them, if and so far as in the judgment of said executors, or a majority of them, he, she or they may be deemed fit to exercise such control, and the respective shares of the sum directed to be divided as aforesaid, which shall have been set apart for such descendants, shall be paid either to each descendant himself or herself, or to the ancestor for him or her as shall be best for then, and most likely to conduce to their happiness in the judgment of my said executors or a majority of them. The remaining shares of the sum so as aforesaid directed to be divided shall then be consolidated again into one sum which shall be paid into the hands of the aforesaid William C. Moore Sen if he shall conduct the immigration aforesaid, or into the hands of such other person as shall be employed in manner aforesaid to conduct it, and out of it, he shall defray the expenses of such immigration, other than his own until the party shall have arrived at their place of destination when they shall so have arrived, it shall be his duty to divide what shall remain of that sum equally among all my said freedmen, who shall so have immigrated, male & female, old and young, living at that time, and the respective shares thereof shall be disposed of as follows. The shares of those whom my said executors, or a majority of them, shall have judged fit to be entrusted with the management of their own money, shall be paid over to them. And if any such shall have descendants not fit to be so entrusted in the opinion of my executors, or a majority of them, in that case, the shares of the descendants shall be paid for them to the master, if and so far as my said executors, or a majority of them, shall have deemed it best for them, and most likely to conduce to their happiness, and shall have directed payment to be made accordingly. The shares of the rest shall be laid out as follows: where a man and a woman shall happen to be living together as man and wife, and openly acknowledging mutually that relation between them at the time, the investment shall be made which is hereinafter directed, their shares, and the shares of all their children & descendants who are single, and have not attained the full age of twenty one years, shall be paid out in land, and that land shall be conveyed to the man and woman for their joint lives, and the life of the survivor in trust for the support and maintenance of themselves, and their said descendants, and all other their descendants born during the lifetime of such survivor with remainder to their children and other descendants living at the death of such survivor to be divided among them in the same proportions as if they were taking by inheritance from such survivor where a parent whether father or mother without or a wife in the case, or a husband in the other, shall happen to be living with his or her children or descendants or any of them at the time of making such investment as aforesaid, the share of such parent and the shares of his or her descendants so living with him or her, and who shall be single and under the age of twenty one years shall be laid out in land, and the land shall be conveyed to such present for his or her life in trust for the support and maintenance of himself or herself, and his or her said descendants, and all other his or her descendants born during his or her life with remainder to his or her children, and other descendants living at the death of such parent, to be divided among them in the same proportions as if they were taking by inheritance from such descendant. Provided, that in either of the foregoing cases, the trust for support and maintenance and the limitation in remainder shall not move to any descendant living at the time of such investment and whose share of the money aforesaid shall not have been laid out with land or conveyed, or to any descendant or such descendants if there shall be any other descendant, such husband and wife or the survivor of them in the one case, or of such parent, in the other case living at the time when such remainder shall rest in possession. And in all other cases each individual share of the said money shall be paid out in land, and the land conveyed to the owner of such shares in fee simple, save and except in all the foregoing cases that so much of the said shares as may be necessary for setting up the said freedmen in the business of agriculture, shall be laid out in agricultural implements, provisions and other necessaries which (so far as they shall not be consumed in the use) shall go in the same manner as the land to be purchased with the residue of those shares. If from any cause funds sufficient for the purposes of this clause of my will should not be raised, and in hand from the residue of my estate before the time shall arrive at which my freedmen would be compellable to leave the State of Virgina if they were then free, in that case it is my will and desire that their emancipation shall not take effect till such funds shall have been raised and in the meantime they shall be hired out by my executors and the proceeds of their hires (after defraying the expenses of supporting such as may be chargeable) shall be added to the aforesaid sum of five thousand dollars for their benefit. The investment I have directed and the other services of all kinds for the benefit of my said freedman in this clause of my will mentioned are to be performed by the aforesaid William C. Moore or such other person as may be selected in his place as aforesaid, who shall use his discretion respecting the investments aforesaid, whether to purchase land in several parcels, or in one body, but in whatever manner the purchases shall be made, the conveyance herein before directed much be in severally by meter and bounds, and the compensation for all the said services as well as that for conducting my said freedman away from this state is to be paid out of the residue of my estate until their emancipation is completed my said freedmen are to be regarded as a part of my estate, and fed & clothed, and otherwise maintained at the expense of it in like manner as if freedom were not hereby imparted to them. I will and direct that all my estate of whatever kind not otherwise disposed of by this will and testament shall be sold by my executors upon the following terms, to wit; the personal estate for cash whenever the aggregate purchases of the same purchases shall not amount to the sum of ten dollars, in other cases upon a credit of nine months with interest from the day of sale, to be secured by the bonds of purchasers with sufficient surety, but the bonds to be endorsed, that the interest will be remitted if the principal be punctually paid. The real estate may be sold privately or publicly as my executors in the exercise of their discretion may think best, the concurrence however of a majority of those who may act shall be requisite for authorizing a private sale, but in whichever mode it shall be made the sale shall be for one tenth of the purchase money in case, and the balance in the equal annual installments the purchaser giving bonds with good personal security and a deed of trust upon the land to secure the payment thereof. 5 I give and bequeath to Willis Dangerfield whom I emancipated some years since, and who, when last heard from was living in Alleghany City, in the State of Pennsylvania, the sum of four hundred dollars if he be living at the time of my death. If he be then dead, I give and bequeath the same sum to his children who shall be then living, and to the descendants, if any, then living of any predeceased child or children of the said Willis Dangerfield, to be divided among them so as to give an equal share to each living child, and to all the descendants of each predeceased child, all such descendants representing such predeceased child, and taking that one equal share which such child, if living, would have taken and diving the same among themselves in the same proportions as if it had come to them in a course of succession at intestate from such predeceased child. 6 I give and bequeath to Polly McNeal whom also I emancipated some years ago the like sum of four hundred dollars if she be living at the time of my death. If she be then dead, I give and bequeath the same sum to her children and descendants in like manner and I have in the preceding clause given and bequeathed to the children and descendants of Willis Dangerfield. 7 I give and bequeath to Mary Ann Pittman lately (and perhaps still) residing near “Mount Holly” in the State of New Jersey the sum of five hundred dollars, if she be living at the time of my death. If she be then dead I give and bequeath the same sum to her children and descendants in like manner as I have in the two preceding clauses given and bequeathed to the children and descendants of Willis Dangerfield and Polly McNeal respectively. 8 I give and bequeath to my nephew John Howard Hill (son of my deceased sister Alice) late of Philadelphia the sum of three thousand dollars. 9 I give and bequeath to my nephew Howard Malcolm (son of my deceased sister Deborah) the like sum of three thousand dollars. 10 I give and bequeath to my sister Deborah Millbrook all my silver plates. 11 Before the payment of any legacy herein before given I direct that the provisions herein before made for the benefit of my servants and slaves and their descendants shall be come into full and complete effect. And after that shall have been done, and all the legacies herein before given shall have been satisfied, I direct that my executors invest the sum of eight hundred dollars, or whatever sum less than that shall remain of my estate in bonds of the Commonwealth of Virginia commonly called state stock or in some other good public security or securities, and from time to time invest in like manner the dividends or interest accruing there from so as to make the same an interest bearing or income yielding subject until my servant girl or slave named Henrietta, daughter of my servant woman a slave named Phillis, which Henrietta is now about seven years of age, shall attain to the age of eighteen years or an age even under that, but yet one at which my said executors or a majority of those of them who shall act may deem it prudent and advisable to settle the same on her, or for her benefit, or the benefit of her children. And when the said Henrietta shall have attained the age of eighteen years, it shall be the duty of my said executors and when she shall have attained such other age as is above mentioned, it shall be in their power to settle the fund herein before set apart, and directed to be invested with all its accumulations, either upon her so as to be in her absolute power, or upon trustees or a trustee for her benefit alone, or for her benefit and that of her children and descendants, as in the discretion of my said executors, or a majority of them may seem best, and most likely to promote the welfare and happenings of the said Henrietta; to whom after she shall have attained the aforesaid age of eighteen years my said executors, may if to a majority of them it shall seem well, transfer the said bond with all its accumulations, so as to put the same in her absolute power without the intervention of any guardian or other trustee. This bequest for the benefit of the said Henrietta is additional to, and not in part of, the general provision for the benefit of my servants and slaves, and their descendants which has been made in a former clause of this will. But should the said Henrietta die before attaining either of her future ages herein before mentioned or afterwards and without either being named or leaving issue living at the time of her death, then the fund in this clause of my will created and all the accumulations thereof herein before directed to be turned into principal, shall revert to my estate and be governed by the residuary clause following. 12 All the rest and residue of my estate by which kind soever it may be not herein before effectually dispose of I give, devise, and bequeath to my grand nephew Charles H. Malcom his heirs, executors & administrators forever. 13 And I do hereby appoint my friends Philip S. Fry, Thomas L. Slaughter, John Willis, Lewis B. Williams, the aforesaid William C. Moore Senior, and William Green executors of this my last will and testament, they shall not be required to give any security at the time of their qualification as such, and in order that they or such of them as shall act may not be hindered or delayed in the prompt performance of the duties imposed upon them, I do hereby authorize, empower, and direct them, if any litigation or controversy should arise or be likely to arise during their administration of my estate and connected there with to submit all such matters to arbitration, and abide by any award which may be property made thereon. In testimony of all which and hereby declaring which is contained in this, and twelve preceding pages to be my last will and testament. I hereunto set my hand & affix my seal this 23rd day of August eighteen hundred and fifty four. Charles P. Howard (seal) Signed, sealed, published and declared by the above named Charles P. Howard as and for his last will and testament in the simultaneous presence of us, the undersigned, who at his request and in his presence and in the presence of one another, do hereby attest the same. Teste W.D. Clark Wm G. Williams G.W. Hansbrough I do hereby declare this as a codicil to, and a part of my foregoing will. Having in the third clause of that will appropriated out of the remainder of my estate, for the benefit of my slaves and servants, to be applied in the manner therein set forth, the sum of five thousand dollars, and having since that will was written and before the execution thereof by me, emancipated or agreed and bound myself to emancipate three of my servants named Robert, Lucian, & Quintus for whom I leave other provisions and thinking it possible that the original number (party) of my said slaves and servants may be further reduced by death or emancipation, or by some other cause. I do therefore will and direct that should the said original number of my said slaves and servants be found reduced at the time when their freedom becomes complete, as provided for in my said will, there shall be a reduction or abatement of the said sum of five thousand dollars proportioned to the number of slaves or servants so reduced and the sum thus taken from the said $5000 shall revert to my estate and be dispose of as provided in the twelfth clause of the said will. But should the original number (party) of my said slaves and servants at the time mentioned be the same or greater, by reason of any purchase or purchases which I may make or by future increase of the females thereof, then no reduction or abatement is to be made in the said sum of five thousand dollars. In testimony whereof I hereto put my hand and seal this 23rd day of August eighteen hundred and fifty four. Acknowledged & published by the Charles P. Howard (seal) testator as a codicil to and a part of his foregoing will in presence of us who have subscribed our names hereto in his presence and at his request and in the presence of each other. Teste W.D. Clark Wm G Williams G.W. Hansbrough At a quarterly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the 24th of March 1856. This last will and testament of Charles P. Howard deceased was proved by the oaths of W.D. Clark and William G. Williams witnesses thereto, and together with the codicil thereto annexed which was also proved by the oaths of the said W.D. Clark & William G. Williams witnesses thereto, ordered to be recorded. And on the motion of Philip S. Fry, William C. Moore Senr and Lewis B. Williams executors therein named who made oath thereto according to law, and severally entered into and acknowledged a bond which is ordered to be recorded without security (the will directing that none should be required) in the penalty of seventy thousand dollars conditioned as the law directs. Certificate is granted them for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:211 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 2 Notes Notes regarding the record further research necessary to ascertain names of other individuals freed; estate to pay for transport and resettlement in a free state Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1856 - Howard to slaves - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1856 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/c5b71f9daab54528b1a9f93c3963cd44.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=RKvsn4qAoqq2lRhLT0ZlZdYdDCNir8Gmp2m6meC%7EBFFRUAhrEPWGQzJQyveH8tAqoDuVxM9TXOkd08hOazrV8lQI9yutGdR7ZE83Lrx4b8pDIYV9jVBGyP%7EFvw%7EVFp-Y4aVvTQ6ucYx0VGktuKAB2PafkfUPrbsC-2hyDMq9sPKaehXh9%7EhTnDNsF01Mip1zDepMMsDKCtGKaF%7E%7EHLtMT4T1zc36zQTOMn%7EdZqyPVYrIfsNzBQ5MGKvZVZjyFzmIaZeURo8ETORqvP8jCvb2W1QEOJhoMtymGV7kQq-W-DJLwQ4xfGb5tpYPYjOjUZaUEVdMiqLA5CdjcQExEr9VhQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM d74833a760a1607aa77ca353081c8302 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 01/16/1856 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Charles Howard Manumitted Franklin Jennings Text of Freedom Document Know all men by these presents that I Charles P. Howard of the County of Orange and State of Virginia have manumitted, emancipated & set free, and by these presents do manumit, emancipate and set free a young negro man slave named Franklin, sometimes called Franklin Jennings, a bright mulatto, and about twenty years of age. And I hereby declare the said Franklin to be entirely liberated from slavery and entitled to all the rights & privileges of a free person with which it is in my power to vest him. In testimony whereof, I hereto put my hand and seal this sixteenth day of January eighteen hundred and fifty six. Charles P. Howard (seal) Office of the Clerk of the County Court of Orange January 16th 1856 This deed of emancipation was this day acknowledged before me in the office aforesaid by Charles P. Howard a party thereto, and admitted to record. Teste Document Type Deed Record Location DB 44:6 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 1 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1856 - Howard to Franklin - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1856 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/c073629e349cd4c941980f209555a06d.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Sp9wkjy%7EL9s43qSbrlumWlre5T1G%7EN9gtSMCELN9wEEJOllVk9HERC%7Eb--KuyfvZJmUEsfZxmmHZE1ET4i4FciSVMCOM0HWm2AgEtUyhbotbsCUtvSwFek%7EChQvDvZCIOKarnTPQDJnaffEGqmvjTUCSqWncFxAB6YelIhx%7EjdO%7EnO-krqhfj3jMtwKkbXd0xUvBfiNZu3K6dTi1GPvh3JkQFm1-B9T7a688xye03hbX-S%7EkCB1kh-QBFOAvzhF9Kt3X%7EYGCxeItl8nSNibcEO0j1It1gipK4fVZbeJ9wm77k2Ze06yVB-0PkyF4yueLlMFfijtUVw3H2BFwGFtf1A__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b75ee090b4a5b428453a69ebf5316a82 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/9834c408e74d728204a3cb1ec0659580.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Y8PL5b16ebZMsEuLUXuLtKT6stdMGQIFflrBkJJxb5tzoN4pi-5kjhP4N3zVn%7ExEmmIUA1ru9ZNklG%7E4JhSn0iGI3xlqimmldqkbtUlBMZV6Fr8VhxtcS56cbJ2L0BDsfAZwlqKeIsiepJ8LkWrBfjfzonmiEVYsXkQ1ufh1M0c%7E16iSX3rdk7ocXOw6Payzt8WPJ4owMCjuuUvWXr3RVrczkpjgbcPbJBlRBCprUtP0RlaYPNKT2Uh8iaRA4240X4j5Mg2%7Ey%7EPsTxI8irlOkcJUbFqNaBi4TsxlYCy5IrOvPiesO9bGsLVPRvMn0JxVJz2ixMcbaESBZcUjnEQ%7EiQ__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 21a9a0293bfda60b10bce016aaa9e089 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 01/22/1855 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Joseph Edwards Manumitted Joshua, Godfrey Willis, Horace, Billy, Patsy, Frank, Malvina, Thornton, Harriett, Ophelia, Andrew, Grace, Maria, Delphia, Amy Valentine, Bristol, Edward, William Washington, Milly, Amanda, Rachel, London, Jane, Julia, Abraham, Laurence, Lydia, Winney, Phillis, Christin, Charles Text of Freedom Document In the name of God Amen. I Joseph Edwards of the County of Orange and State of Virginia, being of sound mind and disposable memory, do make and ordain this to be my last will and testament, hereby revoking all other wills heretofore made by me. Item 1st I hereby subject all my estate, real and personal, to the payment of my debts, to the payment of all legacies, and the satisfaction of all the various provisions, which I shall hereinafter specify, and for that purpose, I hereby authorize and empower my executors hereinafter named to sell so much of my estate as may become necessary, to pay all my debts, to pay all the legacies, and defray all the charges that this my last will may make necessary, except such of my slaves as I shall emancipate who will be hereinafter named. Item 2nd I hereby emancipate and set free the following slaves namely Joshua, Godfrey Willis, Horace, Billy, Patsy and her child Frank, Malvina and her child Thornton, Harriett, Ophelia & her son Andrew, Grace, Maria, Delphia, Amy Valentine, Bristol, Edward, William Washington, Milly, Amanda and Rachel and her children London, Jane, Julia, Abraham, Laurence and Lydia, Winney, Phillis and Christin and boy Charles, Jane’s son, and any child or children that the females before named shall bear. Item the 3rd I hereby direct, authorize and empower my executors to expose at public auction the plantation on which I live, my stock of horses, cattle, sheep and hogs, plantation utensils, household and kitchen furniture, and my crops of all kinds, the sales to be made upon such terms as my executors shall think best. Item the 4th It is my will and desire that my slaves shall be retained two years after my death and longer if my executors shall deem it best and hired out by my executors, and for this the title is vested in my executors for this purpose. Item the 5th At the expiration of the time for which the slaves shall be hired by my executors, I direct and require them to remove all my slaves to some non slave holding state. Item the 6th I hereby direct that out of the proceeds of the sales of property herein directed to be sold, and the hires of the slaves, that my executors shall pay to my man William Washington the sum of six hundred dollars and to my woman Milly one hundred and fifty dollars. Item the 7th I hereby direct that my executors shall remove my slaves to some non slave holding state when they shall deem it necessary, the expenses of removal to be paid out of my estate and for the heavy burden imposed on my executors to execute said undertaking, I hereby direct that they shall have the sum of five hundred dollars. Item the 8th I hereby will and direct that the proceeds of sales of my property and the money arising from the hires of slaves, after defraying all charges on that fund, shall be divided among my slaves except William Washington and Milly and her family, the distribution of such surplus among my slaves to be made by my executors as they may deem just and equitable. Lastly I hereby appoint Richard M. Chapman and [blank] executors of this my last will and testament and having full confidence that they will faithfully perform all the duties and obligations imposed upon them, it is my will and desire, and I hereby request that the Court of Orange will not require them to give security in any manner as executors or to perform any duty imposed on them by this my will. In testimony whereof I have hereto put my hand & seal this third day of December 1846. Signed, sealed, published Joseph Edwards (seal) & declared by the testator to be his last will and testament in our presence & at his request R.H. Catlett Tho. A. Robinson N. Pendleton Catlett P.S. Fry At a monthly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the twenty second of January 1855. This last will and testament of Joseph Edwards deceased was proved by the oaths of Thomas A. Robinson and Philip S. Fry witnesses thereto and ordered to be recorded. And on the motion of Richard M. Chapman, the executor therein named, who made oath thereto according to law and entered into and acknowledged a bond which is ordered to be recorded without security (the will directing that none should be required) in the penalty of thirty thousand dollars, conditioned as the law directs. Certificate is granted him for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:125 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 31 Notes Notes regarding the record estate to pay for transport and settlement in a free state, funds from remaining estate sale to be divided among freed people Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1855 - Edwards to Joshua, et al - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1855 https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/b0a155892d62e3c5b4ee548935ee3636.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=Ea3xsXMrCihA0j9PPs7VHB4%7Eocsc23Ex36E-1mCR2B5NHA9PX7iEcecjYaK6MjzO%7EhLfprIOZUrvTSvs07F6fxEtAtTCThbreU16h-wrR2z5CK2nbokOo4-gOxH6ru5rcQAOpAby6%7ExFFViKffGEGLIGdY92TuhOrJrRSPBPyhn4cCXE8wVN-EjH2mTqQhrRKdaUYAdSGMb1%7EnpsF5lJcWLGdt4tZkLlM5olkn%7Eo6HIHHR2MH0q7HJ4THDp079RIc%7EOZA0bKkSEvMYDIju6Dvv%7ECaY7UHYF7nu9SigHosG1n5mRmQ9pIuYLI5COgFeJ7e49ZYbfFd5NSyZcrkjEdvw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM b7dcf650df719f0572d3e7532bfa2abe https://d1y502jg6fpugt.cloudfront.net/72439/archive/files/d5b424d63a8b14673c6e751ca32c5d21.jpg?Expires=1782345600&Signature=SEday95c91dUHVmDuZmPj-hELzq53oGctCg1Tq6WWkGdVT7b1xq6IAtkcSrtI7YClnPVjGl9BUteamSVQDIMkOPWFqDwi1Fe3CeoeWbIMzm5%7EF9aVtHuOGXPBHe9i7xF5v1wQfMUehULs9NhZZGeortgCNw31cxbstd2IeYFoiPNCFq7bpvRztCd-LF8zP8fZrQzYclQwAK8Pq35gqpOF%7E%7EVMa5IglsyK-Ma52eKMotJoTGlVXsk8vUF4YEC-HLGbPjVersq3hJfU2XO2zPvqbbhCRzY-g58BvQ61oOCba3SMIB71WhjxtlpIoeYSoLv3hQ%7E-C2b10XmmzVp7FCAgw__&Key-Pair-Id=K6UGZS9ZTDSZM 096e49e70b3f3fc017aee266ce498747 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Orange County Manumission Documents Manumission Item Data Manumission Item Data Date Court Date 08/28/1854 Location The location of the interview Orange County Virginia Manumitter Jane Newman Manumitted Jesse, George Text of Freedom Document I Jane S. Newman of the County of Orange being of sound and disposing mind do make and ordain this to be my last will and testament, hereby revoking all former wills. I emancipate and set free my slaves Jesse, George and Easther, and also such issue (if any) as Easther shall have born to her after the date of this will. I also emancipate and set free William in the event of it being decided that he is my property; and in case the controversy respecting my title to him shall not have been terminated at the time of my death, I direct my Executor to use all proper means to ensure success. I give and bequeath to my brother in law Reuben Newman the looking glasses that formerly to his father, William Newman, now deceased. I give and devise to Richard Stephens (who is hereinafter appoint my executor) and his heirs forever the graveyard, as it is now enclosed on the land where my late husband & I resided to be held forever in trust for the use of the Newman family. All the rest and residue of my estate of every description whatever, real, personal or mixed which I may have or be entitled to at the time of my death, I give, devise and bequeath to my executor for the following uses and purposes, that is to say he shall as soon as conveniently may think best: and after the payment thereout of all my just debts shall pay to the above named Jesse the sum of five hundred dollars to the above named George the sum of two hundred dollars; and to the above named Easther the sum of five hundred dollars. He shall also pay to William (above mentioned) the sum of five hundred dollars, in the event of its being decided that he is my property, so that this will shall operate to emancipate him. In case the above named Easther shall die in my lifetime, leaving issue born after the date of this will, such issue as born after the date of this will if living at the time of my death shall have the two hundred dollars, which Easther, if alive, should take by virtue of this will. My object and intention being to provide means for the slaves hereby emancipated to remove and settle themselves beyond the limits of Virginia. In case of a deficiency of assets, the legacies hereby given the said slaves respectively shall abate proportionally. After the payment of the above mentioned legacies or of such of them as shall not lapse, I desire that whatever may remain of the proceeds of sale of my estate shall after paying thereout a legacy of five dollars, which I hereby give to Arthur Stephens, be equally divided between Livingston N. Stephens, Richard Stephens, Julia Ann Parrott, Eliza Jane Stephens, Wesley Stephens, Mary Fletcher Stephens and Joseph Stephens Junior, or the survivors of them, or if there be but one of them surviving at the time of my death then that one shall take the whole. I have not included Priscilla Stephens among my legatees because she has been provided for by the will of my late husband Thomas Newman. I hereby appoint Richard Stephens executors of this my last will & testament and enjoin upon him the faithful discharge of the duties hereby imposed, especially as regards the slaves whom I design to liberate. In testimony of all which I have hereto set my hand and seal this sixth day of May 1848. Jane S. Newman (seal) Signed, sealed, published and Declared by the testatory Jane S. Newman As and for her last will & testament In the presence of us, who in her presence And at her request have hereunto subscribed Our names as witnesses to said will P. S. Fry R.S. Boulware I, Jane S. Newman do hereby make this codicil to my foregoing will hereby revoking so much thereof as may be inconsistent with the provisions of this codicil. First – I do hereby give the bequest mentioned in my said will to my nephew Livingston N. Stephens to him in trust for his children with the understanding that he shall not be held to give security nor be required to account for profits nor shall the said bequest or profits be subject to his debts heretofore contracted, and at his death be equally divided among his children Mary, Lucy, and Sarah H. or the survivor of them, and if there be no survivors then to his mother, Mary Stephens if living, if not to be equally divided among his brothers and sisters. Second – I give to my sister Mary Stephens my slave Easther purchased by me since the date of my said will and in order to provide that she may not become a charge and be well cared for in sickness and old age. I also give to my said sister one hundred dollars to be paid to her by my executor. Lastly It is my will and desire that no suit may be brought to recover or collect any debt due my estate from my sister Mary Stephens, either in her own right or as executrix of her late husband Jos Stephens and that she may be allowed such indulgence on such debt or debts as she may deem necessary. In testimony of all which I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 31st day of March 1854. Jane S. Newman (seal) Signed, sealed, published and declared by the testators Jane S. Newman’s as and for her codicil to her foregoing will in the presence of us who in her presence and at her request have hereunto subscribed our names as witnesses to the said codicil. Jos. Hiden James C. Hiden I do hereby charge my nephew Richard Stephens with fifty dollars to be accounted for as so much advanced to him as a legacy. Teste Jane S. Newman Jos Hiden At a quarterly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the 28th of August 1854. This last will and testament of Jane S. Newman deceased was proved by the oaths of P.S. Fry and Richard S. Boulware the witnesses thereto and together with the codicil thereto annexed which was proved by the oaths of Joseph Hiden and James C. Hiden the witnesses thereto, ordered to be recorded. Teste At a quarterly court held for the County of Orange at the courthouse on Monday the 27th of November 1854. On the motion of Richard Stephens the executor named in the last will and testament of Jane S. Newman deceased, who made oath thereto according to law and together with Wesley Stephens and Mary Stephens his securities entered into bond acknowledged a bond which is ordered to be recorded in the penalty of eight thousand dollars conditioned as the law directs, certificate is granted him for obtaining a probate thereof in due form. Teste Document Type Last Will & Testament Record Location WB 12:105 Number of Persons Number of individuals manumitted 2 Notes Notes regarding the record estate to pay for transport and settlement in a free state Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource 1854 - Newman to Jesse & George - Orange Co, VA Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1854