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              <text>Know  all  Men  by  these  presents  that  I  William  Halley  of  the  Town  of  Alexandria  and  State  of  Virginia,  for&#13;
and Consequence of sundry weighty considerations, me thereunto inducing; have emancipated and do by these&#13;
presents  forever  emancipate  Negro  Harry  late  the  property  of  Barbary  Ratcliff  deceased  and  at  her  decease,&#13;
conveyed to me by last will and testament of Samuel Halley late of Fairfax County decd., from all service or&#13;
services whatsoever and I moreover forever warrant &amp; defend the said negro Harry in the [possestion?] of his&#13;
liberty  so  granted  against  all  claims  or  claiments  whatsoever  in  witness  whereof  I  have  hereunto  affixed  my&#13;
hand &amp; seal this fourth day of July in the year of our lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven&#13;
William Halley, seal &#13;
Witness&#13;
Wm Summers&#13;
David Henderson&#13;
Halley to Harry&#13;
Emancipation&#13;
Augt Court 1797&#13;
No 20&#13;
Recorded &#13;
Lib T folio 186&#13;
Eoed&#13;
At  a  Court  of  Hustings  held  for  the  Town  of  Alexandria  the  7th  day  of  August  1797.  William  Halley&#13;
acknowledges this deed of Emancipation to negro Harry which is ordered to be recorded.&#13;
Teste&#13;
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              <text>An excellent book on Richard Randolph Jr., the freeing of his slaves, and the local community of freeman they built is "Israel on the Appomattox" by Ely (2005).</text>
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              <text>To all whom it may concern, I Richard Randolph Junior of Bozarre in the County of Cumberland, of sound mind and memory, do declare this writing, written with my own hand, and subscribed with my name, this eighteenth day of February in the twentieth year of American Independence, to be my last will and testament in form &amp; substance as follows.&#13;
&#13;
In the first place – to make retribution, as far as I am able, to an unfortunate race of bondmen, over whom my ancestors have usurped and exercised the most lawless and monstrous tyranny, and in whom my countrymen—by their iniquitous laws, in contradiction of their own declaration of Rights, and in violation of every sacred law of Nature; of the inherent, inalienable and imprescriptible rights of man, and of every principal of moral and political honesty, have vested me with absolute property. To express my abhorrence of the theory as well as the infamous practice of usurping the rights of our fellow creatures, equally constituted with ourselves to the enjoyment of liberty and happiness. &#13;
&#13;
To exculpate myself to those who may perchance to think or hear of me after death, from the black crime, which might otherwise be imputed to me, of voluntarily holding the above mentioned miserable beings in the same state of abject slavery in which I found them on receiving my patrimony at lawful age. To impress my children with a just horror at a crime so enormous and indelible; to injure them in the last words of a fond father never to participate in it in any the remotest degree, however sanctioned by laws (formed by the tyrants themselves who oppress them) or supported by false reasoning, and always to soil the sordid views of avarice and the lust of power.&#13;
&#13;
To declare to them and to the world that nothing but uncontrollable necessity forced on me by my father (who wrongfully bound over them to satisfy the rapacious creditors of a brother—and who for this purpose, which he falsely believed to be generous—mortgaged all his servants to British harpies for money to gratify pride and pamper sensuality; by which mortgage the said servants being bound, I could not exercise the right of ownership necessary to their emancipation, and being obliged to keep them on my lands, and so driven reluctantly to violate them in a general degree (tho I trust far less than others have done) in order to maintain them—that nothing, I say, short of necessity, should have forced me to an act which my soul abhors.&#13;
&#13;
For the aforesaid purposes, and with an indignation too great for utterance at the tyrants of the earth—from the throned despot of a whole Nation to the more despicable to the not less infamous tormentor of a single wretched slave, whose torture constitutes his wealth and enjoyment. I do truly declare that it is my will and desire, nay, most anxious wish, that my negroes—all of them—be liberated and I do declare them, by this writing, free and emancipated to all intents and purposes whatsoever, fully and freely exonerated from all future service to my heirs, executors and assigns, and altogether as free as the illiberal laws will permit them to be. I mean therein to include all and every servant of which I die possessed or to which I have any claim by inheritance or otherwise. I thus yield them up their liberty basely wrested from them by my forefathers and beg, humbly beg, their forgiveness for the manifold injuries I have too often inhumanely, unjustly and mercilessly inflicted on them, and I do further declare, and it is my will that if I should be so unfortunate as to die possessed of a servant (which I will not do if I ever can be enabled to emancipate them legally) and the said servant shall be liable for my fathers debts and to be sold for them, that in that case five hundred pounds be raised from my other estate, real and personal, as my wife (Judith Randolph) shall think best, and in any manner which she shall choose, and applied to the purchase at such sale of such of the miserable slaves. I do hereby declare them free as soon as they are purchased, to all intents and purposes whatsoever, and in case I emancipate the said slaves—which I shall surely do the first moment possible—I do devise and give and bequeath unto them the said slaves four hundred acres of my land, to be laid off as my wife shall direct, and to be given to the heads of families in proportion to the number of their children and the merits of the parties, as my said wife shall judge of for the best. The land's to be laid off where and how my said wife shall direct and to be held by the said slaves when allotted to them in fee. I do likewise conjure my said wife to lend every assistance to the said slaves thro' life in her power, and to rear her children up to the same practices, and impress it on them as her last injunction to do everything directed above relative to the said slaves.&#13;
&#13;
I now proceed to direct the manner in which my property is to be disposed of (having fulfilled this first and greatest duty, a most anxious and zealous wish to befriend the miserable and persecuted of whatsoever nation, color or degree) by my will, as is seen written on this and another sheet of paper, each signed by my own hand and with my own name and connected together by wafers.&#13;
&#13;
                                                                                                                          R'd. Randolph, Jun'r. &#13;
&#13;
In the second place I give and bequeath to my said wife Judith Randolph all my personal estate remaining of whatsoever nature animate, or inanimate in possession or in action, claimed or to be claimed by an right or title whatsoever, where sole [illegible] and disposal forever, that is exclusive of slaves.&#13;
&#13;
I likewise divise, give and bequeath to my said wife, all my real estate whatsoever of which I die possessed and also all to which I have any claim or title whatsoever, to her and her heirs forever confidence that she will do the most ample justice to our children— by making them independent as soon as they come of age, if she remain single, or by securing a comfortable support by settlements on them before any marriage into which she may hereafter resolve to enter (which if she do money will be the only certain mode of providing for them), and to educate them as well as her opportunity will enable her. &#13;
&#13;
The only anxiety I feel on their account arises from a fear of her maternal tenderness leading her to too great indulgence of them, against which I beg leave thus to caution her. I now consign them to her affectionate love—desiring that they be educated in some profession, or trade, if they be incapable of a liberal profession, and that they be instructed in virtue and in the most zealous principles of liberty and manly independence. I dedicate them to that virtue and that liberty which I trust will protect every unfortunate and of which I conjure them to be indefatigable and incorruptible supporters thro' life. I request my wife to frequently read this my last will to my beloved children that they may know something of their father's heart when they have forgotten his presence. Let them be virtuous and free—the rest is vain. Finally, I entreat my wife to consider the above confidence as the strongest proof of the estimation and ardent love which I have always uniformly felt for her, and which must be the latest active impulse of my heart.&#13;
&#13;
I hereby appoint my said wife sole executrix of this my last will and testament but in case I should be so unfortunate as to be left by her single and die without any other will than this executed by me, I appoint in that case as my executors—requesting their attention to every injunction on my wife above mentioned, and relying on them to execute them and the directions in my said will, (as she would otherwise do), to-wit: the following named esteemed friends: My father-in-law, St. Geo. Tucker, my brother, John Randolph, my friends Ryland Randolph, Brett Randolph, Creed Taylor, John Thompson, Alex. Campbell, Daniel Call and the most virtuous and incorruptible of mankind and (next to my father in law) my greatest benefactor, George Wythe, Chancellor of Virginia, the brightest ornament of human nature;&#13;
&#13;
I rely on the aforementioned virtuous friends for the punctual execution of my will, the care and guardianship of my children, in case of the death of my wife either before or after me (to whom if she live I have entrusted them solely) and to those of them most nearly connected with me by friendship I look for assistance to my family after my death in all cases of difficulty. If any among them do not choose to undertake the task imposed on them by me, I beg them not to do so from motives of generosity or delicacy, and to excuse the liberty which (it may appear to some of them least intimately acquainted with me) I have taken in thus calling on them.&#13;
&#13;
In witness of all the above directions which I again declare to be my last will and testament drawn by me from calm reflection, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed my seal the day and year aforesaid.&#13;
&#13;
R'd. Randolph Jun’r (seal)&#13;
Signed and sealed in the&#13;
presence of the following &#13;
persons and declared to be the&#13;
last will of the above named&#13;
Richard Randolph, junr.&#13;
Ryland Randolph &#13;
At a District Court held at Prince Edward Courthouse, April 8th, 1797.&#13;
This last will and testament of Rd. Randolph jun'r, deceased, was presented in Court by Judith Randolph, executrix therein named, there being but one witness to said will, and he not being in court, Miller Woodson and Peter Johnson being sworn, severally deposed that they are well acquainted with the testators handwriting, and verily believe that the said will and name thereto subscribed are all in the testator's proper handwriting. Whereupon the said will is ordered to be recorded. And on motion of the executrix, therein named, who gave bond with John Randolph, Brett Randolph, and Creed Taylor, her securities, in the penalty of twelve thousand pounds and took the oath required by law, certificate for attaining the probate thereof in due form is granted her.&#13;
Teste, F. Watkins, C.D.C. &#13;
&#13;
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              <text>Know all men by these present, that I Henry Kirby of Halifax County, for divers causes me thereunto moving do Emancipate and set free the following Negro Girl To Wit Amy Squire_aged nice years old And it is my will &amp; desire that the said Amy and all her posterity should be free &amp; enjoy all the liberties and privileges that the Laws of this land allows them. In witness where of I have here unto set my hand &amp; seal this 18th day of June 1797.</text>
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              <text>To all to whom, these Presents shall some Greeting. B it known, that I James LeGrand of the County of Halifax and State of Virginia, master and legal possession of Clarisa Martin a mulatto girl slave ages about three years¬_for divers good causes and consideration me thereunto moving, but more especially of my own free will. Do by these Presents fully and freely Emancipate and set free the said slave Clarisa Martin. And it is my desire that the said Clarisa Martin shall henceforth Enjoy all the liberty and privileges, which by the Law of the land I am entitled to giver or she can receive forever and be entirely released and discharged of all obligations or services as a slave to me or to any person or persons In Testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal this 13th day of December in the year of our Lord Christ one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven.</text>
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                  <text>A great source regarding manumitted individuals and free blacks for Louisa County can be found in a book entitled "Free Blacks of Louisa County, Virginia" by Janice L. Abercrombie, 1994, Iberian Publishing Co</text>
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              <text>22 Sept. 1797 To all whom it may concern that by an act of Assembly an act for the manumission of slaves, do hereby set free one Negro man named Watt being 19 years of age to go free and actually enjoy his liberty from me, my heirs, assigns and others on 1st day of January 1804. [Sig.] Richard Johnson. Recorded 7 Oct. 1797.</text>
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              <text>To all people to whom these presents shall come&#13;
&#13;
Know ye that I Samuel M. Williams of the County of Rockingham and state of Virginia, having weighed in the scale of Justice, the Conditions of slavery, am sincerely convinced, that it is unwarrentable as well, by the Laws of Religion, as morality, and as god originally distributed equally to the Human Race, the unalienable right to the enjoyment of Personal liberty, So it behoves each man to restore his fellow Creatures, that Invaluable Blessing, which he by unjust Laws is disposessed of: &#13;
&#13;
In consideration whare of [whereof] I have and do by these presents, emancipate, set free, and forever discharge from slavery, my Negro girl, Beck, and I do for myself and my heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, by these presents, Ratify, release, grant, and confirm unto the aforesaid negro Beck, of the age of thirty nine years and her heirs, all and singular, any right, title, blame, or Interest of, in, or unto any Property or future Demand, of Personal Service which I now have in her the said Negro Beck forever[.] &#13;
&#13;
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 24th day July 1797 in the 22nd year of the Commonwealth. L. M. Williams (seal)&#13;
&#13;
Rockingham Court 1797  This certificate of the Emancipation Be from Samuel M Williams of the one part to Beck a Negro girl was presented in Court and acknowledged by the said Samuel and is ordered to be Recorded. Teste. L M Williams CRC 13 Negro Beck Cert Emancipation. Acknode [Acknowledged] July Court 1797 Recorded&#13;
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              <text>We Benj Stuart and John Tate being Executors of the will of James Tate dec’d and agreeable thereto do make and confirm the following distribution of said Tates estate, first to Sarah his wife one hundred and seventy six pounds and a negro girl as contained in their receipts. To John and Isaac Tate sons of the dec’d all his land and a negro man named Dave the remained of the personal estate be equally divided between his three daughters Polly, Patsey and Sally this being as witness our hands this 19th day of June 1798.&#13;
									Ben Stuart&#13;
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&#13;
At a court held for Augusta County June the 19th 1798&#13;
Benjamin Stuart &amp; John Tate Executors of James Tate dec’d delivered this distribution of said estate agreeable to the will which is ordered to be recorded.&#13;
									Teste, Jacob Kinney&#13;
&#13;
Know all men by these presents that we John &amp; Isaac Tate of Augusta County and state of Virginia being sons and heirs of James Tate dec’d and of full age do by these presents manumit and set free our negro slave named Davey twenty six years of age (formerly a part of the estate of the said James Tate dec’d) agreeable to an act of assembly for that purpose as witness our hands and seals this nineteenth day of June one thousand seven hundred &amp; ninety eight.&#13;
&#13;
								               John Tate (seal)&#13;
									  Isaac Tate (seal)&#13;
&#13;
At a Court held for Augusta County June the 19th 1798&#13;
John Tate and Isaac Tate acknowledged this instrument of writing under seal for the purpose of emancipating Davy a negro man slave which is ordered to be recorded.&#13;
									Teste, Jacob Kinney CAC</text>
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              <text>Know all men by these presents that I Hardyman Irby of the county of Charles City having this day purchased a female slave of Otway Byrd by the name of Eliza and a part of the consideration of which purchase is that the said slave is to have her freedom at the end of five years from this date together with all her future increase. I do by these presents for the aforesaid reason and divers other causes me hereunto moving emancipate and set free the said Eliza and any increase she may have at the expiration and termination of the said five years from this date, unless I should sooner die, and in that case she is immediately to be entitled to her said freedom in as ample and complete a manner as if she had been born free. Given under my hand and seal this 23 day of November 1797.&#13;
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&#13;
At a court held for Charles City County at the courthouse on Thursday the 18th day of January 1798. The aforewritten deed of emancipation from Hardyman Irby to Eliza a negro slave was acknowledged by Irby and ordered to be recorded.&#13;
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At a Court held for Amelia County the 23rd day of March 1797&#13;
This deed emancipation from Joshua Atkinson to negro Lucy was acknowledged by the said Joshua Atkinson to be his act and was ordered to be recorded.&#13;
									Teste, James Townes CAC&#13;
Examined</text>
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              <text>Know all men by these presents that I, Moses Hilton, of Amelia County in the State of Virginia, by virtue of the Act of Assembly in that case made &amp; provided do hereby emancipate and set free from bondage the following slaves or servants namely Mary a mulatto woman purchased of Wm Alexander Jones and Shanny her child. Mary aged twenty five years and her child Shanny fifteen months, and I Moses Hilton do hereby these presents for myself my heirs Executors Administrators or Assigns grant release and forever quit claim unto the said negroes or mulattoes respectively all my right title interest and all blame whatsoever as to the property person or to any estate they now have or may hereafter respectively require hereby declaring the said Mulattoes slaves respectively absolutely emancipated and free without any interruption let hindrance or impediment whatsoever from me or any person or persons claiming by from or under me. In witness whereof I have here unto set my hand and seal this 27th day of April one thousand seven hundred and ninety seven.&#13;
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In the presence of&#13;
&#13;
At a court held for Amelia County the 27th day of April 1797&#13;
This deed emancipation from Moses Hilton to sundry slaves was acknowledged by the said Moses Hilton to be his act and deed and was ordered to be recorded.&#13;
Examined								Teste, James Townes CAC</text>
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